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History of Sorex araneus group in the western Palearctics (Mammalia, Soricidae)
Cestrová, Aneta ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Vohralík, Vladimír (referee)
The bachelor thesis reviews the literary data on the species group Sorex araneus, one of the most important component of the Holoarctic communities of small ground mammals. It provides a brief account of the life history patterns of the group (activity pattern, foraging strategy, reproduction) responding to demands of extremelly high energentic metabolism. The evolutionary setting of the group is characterized by a specific complex of sex chromosomes XX/XY1Y2, and enormous extent of chromosomal polymorphism due to multiple Robertsonain translocations producing a large number of chromosomal races with distinct combination of metacentric chromosomes. The interpretations on history of the group provided by molecular phylogenetics are compared with phylogenetic signals of the abundant fossil record of the group. Despite its richness (more than 300 fossil assemblages) the interpretation of fossil record is still confused and calls for a detailed re-examination. Key words: Sorex araneus, fossil record, phylogeography, Pleistocene, Palearctic
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Monozoic tapeworms of the genus \kur{Monobothrium} (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) from the Palaearctic and Nearctic zoogeographical regions
ČAPKOVÁ, Lenka
The genus Monobothrium Diesing, 1863 includes two Palaearctic species (parasitizing cyprinids, possessing postovarian vitelline follicles, lacking an external seminal vesicle and having digitiform or cuneicrispitate scolex) and five Nearctic species (parasitizing catostomid fish, lacking postovarian vitelline follicles, possessing an external seminal vesicle and having loculomonobothriate, monobothriate or loculotruncate scolex). Based on these morphological differences, supported by preliminary molecular data, five North American species (originally placed in Monobothrium) are proposed to be transferred to Promonobothrium Mackiewicz, 1968 as new combinations. European species Monobothrium auriculatum Kulakovskaya, 1961 should be transferred to Caryophyllaeus Gmelin, 1790 as C. auriculatus n. comb. As a result of this transfer, Monobothrium becomes monotypic, with M. wageneri Nybelin, 1922 representing its only species.
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